Typhoid is a bacterial illness spread by contaminated food and water. There are 17 million cases per year, with 600,000 deaths.
Other complications include: increased bleeding, Pneumonia, deep vein thrombosis, joint pain, and bone infections. Mortality is about 10% in untreated cases and 1% in treated cases.
Typhoid causes 600,000 deaths annually in developing countries. Presently there is emerging resistance to previously used antibiotics. Vaccination is recommended in the face of increasing drug resistances, increasing incidence, and a high cost benefit for the traveler, since illness will last 4-8 weeks (as compared with Cholera which will be over in 4-5 days). The vaccine may be given with Yellow Fever vaccine. Paratyphoid is a separate disease from typhoid in which the vaccine is not effective.
Typhoid requires a booster every 3 years for the injectable (vi type) vaccine. The Oral Ty21a vaccine, which is a live vaccine, is good for 7 years.
Is a mild disease related to Typhoid caused by similar bacteria. Symptoms include malaise, fever, headache, anorexia and cough. Sometimes bleeding, confusion and hearing loss occurs. It is acquired after eating contaminated food or water. The vaccination against Typhoid does not give protection, but ciprofloxacin (an antibiotic) is effective treatment.
